Hmm, I guess there’s rust between axle and inner bearing ring…
Maybe you could try some penetrating oil (you know MOS2 spray?).
And skipping of the distance tube 237 is definitely not reommended - perhaps your forerunner lost it.
100% not, all four bearings of both wheels are pressed into the hubs.
As stated above; I’ve got meanwhile ~ 10 original hubs and all of them were originally equipped with bearings.
Btw, for LT or 18 inch original wheel sets that does apply, too!
And just to mention it: The bearing spacers are naturally also included with each hub/wheel.
Exactly for that purpose was above tool kit created; to retract all bearings from (18 inch) hubs.
Black puller: rear hub, belt side bearing (right)
Black puller + black adapter ring : rear hub, magnet side bearing (left)
Silver puller: front hub, magnet side bearing (right)
Silver puller + silver adapter ring: front hub, disc side bearing (left).
Again just a guess, but I think this should not be like that on your Strida 